A.
Tenses adalah bentuk dari sebuah kata kerja yang menunjukkan:
1. Waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa
atau perbuatan.
2. Tingkat
kesempurnaan
suatu kegiatan pada waktu dilakukan (akan dilakukan, sedang dilakukan, baru
saja dimulai atau telah selesai dilakukan).
B.
Asal Muasal 16 tenses
- Waktu terjadinya suatu
peristiwa dapat dibagi menjadi 4 :





Masa lalu Masa sekarang Masa depan Pengandaian
Disebut
:Past Disebut: Present Disebut: Future Disebut:
Past Future
- Tingkat kesempurnaan suatu
kegiatan / aktivitas dapat dibagi menjadi 4:
®
Simple
Setiap
simple memiliki tingkat kesempurnaan berbeda, semua disesuaikan oleh waktu terjadinya.
Simple
dalam present: Menjelaskan aktivitas yang telah menjadi kebiasaan dan
kenyataan.
Simple
dalam past: Menjelaskan aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lampau
Simple
dalam future: Menyatakan aktifitas yang telah direncanakan dilakukan dimasa
depan
®
Continuous
Menjelaskan
aktifitas yang sedang terjadi
®
Perfect
Menjelaskan
aktifitas yang telah terjadi dan menjelaskan aktifitas yang masih berlangsung
®
Perfect
continuous
Menjelaskan
aktifitas yang telah dimulai di suatu masa dan masih berlangsung
C.
Dalam bahasa Inggris TENSES dibagi menjadi 16
berdasarkan 4 dasar waktu dan 4 dasar tingkat kesempurnaan kejadian
diatas:
-
Present
1.
Simple
Present
2.
Present
continuous
3.
Preset
perfect
4.
Present
perfenct continuous
-
Past
5.
Simple
Past
6.
Past
continuous
7.
Past
perfect
8.
Past
perfect continuous
-
Future
9.
Simple
Future
10.
Future
continuous
11.
Future
perfect
12.
Future
perfect continuous
-
Past
future
13.
Simple
past future
14.
Past
future continuous
15.
Past
future perfect
16.
Past
future perfect continuous
Berikut ini adalah tabel rumus
tenses:
![]()
Waktu
|
Simple
|
Continuous
|
Perfect
|
Perfect
Continuous
|
Present
|
Verb
: 1
To
be: do/does
|
Verb
:ing
To
be: is/am/are
|
Verb:3
To
be: has/have
|
Verb:ing
To
be
:have/has
+been
|
Past
|
Verb:
(+)2
(-.?)1
To
be :did
|
Verb
: ing
To
be: was/were
|
Verb:3
To
be:had
|
Verb:
ing
To
be:had+been
|
Future
|
Verb
:1
To
be: will/shall
|
Verb
: ing
To
be:
will/shall
+ be
|
Verb:
3
To
be:
will/shall
+ have
|
Verb:
ing
To
be: Will/shall
+have+been
|
Past
Future
|
Verb
:1
To
be: would/should
|
Verb:
ing
To
be :
Would/should+be
|
Verb
:3
To
be:
Would/should+have
|
Verb
:ing
To
be: Would/
should+have+been
|
No
|
Tenses
|
Form
|
Example
|
1
|
Simple
present
|
(do/does)V1
|
I
study English
|
2
|
Present
continues
|
(is,am,are)
Ving
|
I
am studying English
|
3
|
Present
perfect
|
(Have,has)
V3
|
I
have studied English
|
4
|
Present
perfect continuous
|
(have.has
been)Ving
|
I
have been studying English
|
5
|
Simple
past
|
(did)
V2
|
I
studied English
|
6
|
Past
continuous
|
(was,were)
Ving
|
I
was studying English
|
7
|
Past
perfect
|
(had)
V3
|
I
had studied Eglish
|
8
|
Past
perfect continuous
|
(
had been) Ving
|
I
had been studying English
|
9
|
Simple
future
|
(will/shall)
V1
|
I
will study English
|
10
|
Future
continuous
|
(will/shall
be) Ving
|
I
will be studying English
|
11
|
Future
perfect
|
(Will/shall
have) V3
|
I
will have studied English
|
12
|
Future
perfect continuous
|
(Will/shall
have been)Ving
|
I
will have been studying English
|
13
|
Simple
past future
|
(would/should)
V1
|
I
would study English
|
14
|
Past
future continuous
|
(would/should
be)Ving
|
I
would be studying English
|
15
|
Past
future perfect
|
(would/should
have) V3
|
I
would have studied English
|
16
|
Past
future perfect continuous
|
(Would/shouls
have been) Ving
|
I
would have been studying English
|
D.
Di dalam tenses kita akan sering menjumpai dua buah bentuk kalimat yaitu:
1. Kalimat
Nominal :Suatu kalimat yang tidak
mempunyai kata kerja dan bagian verbnya
diganti oleh ‘To Be‘ berupa noun (kata beda), adjective (kata sifat), adverb (kata
keterangan), dll.
Ex:
She is a teacher
She is stupid
2. Kalimat
Verbal :Suatu kalimat yang
verbnya berupa kata kerja.
Ex: I am studying English
We have studied Mathematic
E. Time Duration
- Time Duration adalah adverb
untuk perfect dan perfect continuous tense. Time duration dibagi menjadi 2:
Process (kejadian yang sedang berlangsung) dan Result (kejadian yang sudah
selesai).
- Perfect dan perfect continuous
meski rumusnya berbeda tetapi memiliki fungsi yang sama.
Time
Duration Process
|
|||
For
|
Since
|
Never
|
Always
|
Lately
|
Recently
|
Often
|
This morning
|
This afternoon
|
This evening
|
This month
|
This century
|
This week
|
This year
|
All day
|
All night
|
All week
|
All the time
|
All my life
|
Seldom
|
Alya have studied since 03:00 am.
Time Duration Result
|
|||
Just
|
Already
|
Just
now
|
Yet
|
Alya have already studied.